The writer tries to analyze direct and
indirect speech from the article below. The article retrieved on http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/14/mixed-race-baby-black-one-drop-rule.
The article
becomes the material or object which will to analyze, but the writer just finds some sentences that include in direct and indirect speech.
My baby will be mixed race. So why did
I automatically think of him as 'black'?
My 87-year-old grandmother has a very
specific way of saying the wordblack:
she drags out the a and makes the k extra hard for an effect that drowns
the c. “Blaaaak” out of my grandmother’s mouth is
an admonishment, not a color. “Blaaaak” out of my grandmother’s mouth travels a
step beyond being a pejorative to having the hair-raising resonance of a word
that damns as well as describes damnation itself.
“Blaaaak”
out of my grandmother’s mouth is a curse.
But the freckled, fair-skinned black woman
who helped raise me doesn’t use “Blaaaak” to refer to people’s skin tones. Though such attitudes are
often mistaken for a bias against darker skinned people of our race, the
assumed colorism of
older African Americans is more often a reaction to the humiliating and
degrading representation of dark skin in images used to depict and reinforce black
people’s sub-human status in the late 19th and first half of the 20th century.
But
it wasn’t until a month ago, and seven months pregnant, that her own
granddaughter came to understand that distinction.
My
mother and I had gone to pick out a cake design for my baby shower, and the one
I liked had a pile of leaves in the middle where a plastic portrait of a lily
white baby’s face blossomed. I asked if they had a black baby face, and my
mother even asked if they had a “tan” baby (since my husband is white and our
child will be biracial), but the sales woman told me that their babies only
came in black and white. So I chose another design – one that included a black
baby.
I didn’t
ponder this particular bakery’s limited selection, the persistence of that
fictional racial dichotomy, or even kick myself for not taking our business
elsewhere. That is, I didn’t question it until later in the day when my
grandmother asked about the cake and I explained that it would have a black
baby.
“Did you choose a Sambo-blaaaak baby?” she asked. The plastic
figurine’s dark blue-black skin and light pink lips flashed in my mind. “Well,
kind of,” I answered.
My
grandmother lost it:
“Are
you crazy? Oh, you must be! Do you think I’m going to eat a cake with a
creature from the blaaaak lagoon on it?! Didn’t they have brown skinned babies?
Didn’t they have Puerto Rican babies? Didn’t they have anything other than
Sambo-blaaaak babies?”
The word “sambo”, and the caricature attached
to it, has a multinational history – from its use in Latin American Spanish to
refer to a person of Native American and African heritage, to the overseer in
Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin, to the children’s book The Story of Little Black Sambo in which a South Indian boy tricks a
gang of hungry tigers. But my grandmother wasn’t thinking of India or how the
geography of the slave trade shaped racial terms. For her, “Sambo” recalls the
blubber-lipped, blue-black caricatures of African American children known aspiccaninnies,
perched on dilapidated porches, half-clothed and dusty, and as happy in squalor
and ignorance as they can be.
Depictions of black people, like Sambo, the piccaninny
and many others,
were manufactured and sold to the public – often to sell consumer products – as foils for whiteness. The scholar
Henry Louis Gates Jr even calls what he terms “the everyday racism of American popular culture “Sambo Art”.
Everything these imaginary “mascots” of blackness were scripted to be –
slow-witted, indolent, greedy, grotesque – white people and white children were
supposedly not.
So
when I chose a black baby for the cake, my grandmother justifiably wondered who
the hell I thought I was and who exactly I was setting up my child to be. The
truth is my grandmother’s response prompted me to ask myself these same questions.
And the answers surprised me.
In one regard, my ideas about race are more
retro than my grandmother’s. I picked a black baby to represent my mixed-race
unborn child because of my automatic adherence to the “one-drop rule” – meaning that, because I am black, my child
will be too, as was the case during slavery and Jim Crow. But my grandmother’s
irate questions about why the bakery didn’t have babies of many colors
acknowledged the truth that runs in all of our veins: race is a spectrum, not
dichotomy.
According to the 2010 Census, the multiracial American population grew by 32% since 2000. And
though 2000 was the first year people could check multiple race boxes on the
census, between 2000 and 2010 the number of Americans who identify as both
black and white increased 134% to 1.8m. The 2010 Census also reported that racial and ethnic minorities made up nearly half of the under-5 age group and were soon going to be the
majority.
The
biracial baby boy I am carrying will be a part of this multiracial wave
entering America’s schools and more broadly American life. Yet, despite my
child’s mixed-race heritage, I found it unthinkable to put a white figurine on
my baby shower cake. But just as “blackness” has come to mean something
different over the generations since my grandmother was young, so whiteness
will also come to be less definitive – and ultimately less proscribed, given
the census numbers and the heterogenous reality they reflect.
In
the end, despite the fact that I am not having twins, I chose one black baby
and one white baby to preside over my cake. Just as, with each coming decade,
more people will check more than one box to describe their own racial identity
– including quite possibly my child – I decided it was more emotionally
accurate to identify my baby as both, rather than one or the other.
A. Statement
1.
Direct
Speech
The sales
woman told, “ The babies only come in black and white.”
Indirect
Speech
The sales
woman told me that their babies only came in black and white.
The sentence above
includes direct speech in term of the direct speech statement. It expresses a
directly statement, so it must be changed into the form of statement which is also currently convert it to
Indirect Speech. If the tense in direct speech is simple present tense, so in indirect
speech has to simple past.
2.
Direct Speech
I
explained, “ I will have a black baby.”
Indirect Speech
I
explained that I would have a black baby.
Those sentence above
include direct and indirect speech in term of the direct and indirect speech
statement because it has no question mark and express a complete thought. Then direct
speech is used when we quote a speaker’s word and we use quotation mark. Besides,
it has common verb that introduce quotation like “explain”.
B. Question
1. Direct
Speech
“Did
you choose a Sambo-blaaaak baby?” she asked.
Indirect
Speech
She
want to know if I had chosen a
Sambo-blaaaak baby.
Those
sentences include direct and indirect speech in type of the direct and indirect
speech question or interrogative. If a direct speech changes into indirect
speech, the quotation mark doesn’t use again. Interrogative sentence in direct
speech changes become question mark(?) doesn’t use again. Moreover, when the
question is yes/no question, it has to use if or whether. Then the tense in
indirect speech has to be changed. If the tense in direct speech is simple past
tense, so it has to change into past perfect in indirect speech.
2. Direct
Speech
“Didn’t
they have brown skinned babies?” my grandmother asked.
Indirect
Speech
My
grandmother asked whether they had had brown skinned babies.
The sentences
above include direct and indirect speech too. In direct speech has question
mark (?). therefore, it has to be deleted and do not use again in indirect
speech. Then, the tense in indirect speech become past perfect because the
tense in direct speech is past tense.
C. Imperative
1. Direct
Speech
He said,
“ Lie down on the bed.”
Indirect Speech
He
told me to lie down on the bed.
To change
into indirect speech command, usually used the words will, order, beg, ask, etc
and advise the reporting verb followed by to infinitive and object like the
sentence above.
2.
Direct
Speech
He said, “Remember
to mail the letter.”
Indirect
Speech
He reminded
me to post the letter.
An imperative to change into indirect speech
used the verb ask, remind, tell, advise and others followed by to infinitive. The
tense doesn’t need to change.
NAME : WELMA YUNIA SARI
CLASS : 4SA05
NPM : 17611368
PEMBELAJARAN BHS.ING BER.KOMPUTER